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normal pressure hydrocephalus
Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), also termed symptomatic hydrocephalus, is a type of brain malfunction caused by decreased absorption of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Its typical symptoms are gait disturbance, urinary incontinence, and dementia or mental decline. It is difficult to diagnose because the symptoms are common to several other diseases. The usual treatment is installation of a shunt to drain excess CSF into another part of the body. This treatment can reverse the symptoms and restore normal functioning, or it may do so partially, or it may not succeed.
==Types==
There are two types of normal pressure hydrocephalus: idiopathic and secondary. The secondary type of NPH can be due to a subarachnoid haemorrhage, head trauma, tumour, infection in the central nervous system, or a complication of cranial surgery.〔National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. (2011, April 29). NINDS Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Information Page. Retrieved from http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/normal_pressure_hydrocephalus/normal_pressure_hydrocephalus.htm〕
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